An aortic dissection, the medical emergency that likely caused the sudden death of Sen. Lindsey Graham, is a life-threatening condition that can become fatal within minutes if not treated quickly.
The aorta is the body's largest artery, carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. An aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the artery's inner lining, allowing blood to flow between its layers. This can reduce blood flow to vital organs and, in severe cases, cause the artery to rupture. The condition is often associated with an aortic aneurysm, a weakened section of the artery that bulges outward.
Major risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol that contributes to hardened arteries, and smoking. While the condition is more common in older adults, certain inherited disorders can increase the risk in younger people.
A preliminary medical examiner's report released by Graham's office said the aortic dissection was related to hardened arteries.
Symptoms typically begin suddenly and include severe, sharp pain in the chest or back, though pain may also occur in the neck, jaw, or abdomen depending on the location of the tear. Other warning signs can include fainting, cold or clammy skin, stroke-like symptoms such as weakness on one side of the body, a rapid heartbeat, confusion, or signs of shock.
Prompt medical treatment is critical. Depending on the severity and location of the tear, surgeons may repair or replace the damaged section of the aorta to improve the chances of survival.
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