INDIAN BILLIONAIRE GAUTAM ADANI CHARGED IN U. S. FOR ALLEGED BRIBERY, FRAUD. (PHOTO).
Indian billionaire Gautam Adani charged in US for alleged bribery, fraud Gautam Adani, the chair of Indian conglomerate Adani Group and one of the world’s richest people, whose business empire extends from ports and airports to renewable energy,has been indicted in New York over an alleged multibillion-dollar fraud scheme, United States prosecutors have said. The authorities on Wednesday charged Adani and two other executives at Adani Green Energy, his nephew Sagar Adani and Vneet Jaain, with agreeing between 2020 and 2024 to pay more than $250m in bribes to Indian government officials to obtain solar energy supply contracts expected to yield $2bn in profits. Prosecutors said the renewable energy company also raised more than $3bn in loans and bonds during this period based on false and misleading statements. Shares of Adani Enterprises, the group's flagship firm, closed down 22% on Thursday. Other group firms also closed in the red. Adani Green Energy, which is the firm at the c
In 1624,Ana Nzinga inherited rule of Ndongo,a state to the east of Luanda in modern day Angola,populated primarily by Mbundu peoples.At that moment,the kingdom was under attack from both portuguese as well as neighnoring African aggressors.Nzinga realized thar,to remain viable,Ndongo had to reposition it self as an intermediary rather than a supply zone in the slave trade .To achieve this,she allied Ndongo with portugal,simutaneously acquiring a partner in its fight against its African enemies and ending portuguese slave raiding in the kingdom.Ana Nzinga's baptism,with the portuguese colonial governor serving as godfather,sealed this relationship.By 1626,however,Portugal had betrayed Ndongo,and Nzinga was forced to flee with her people further west,where they found a new state at Matamba,well beyond the reach of the portuguese.To bolster Matamba's martial power,Nzinga offered sanctuary to runaway slaves and portuguese trained African soldiers and adopted a form of military organization known as Kilombo,in which youths renounced family ties and were raised communally in militias.She also formented rebellion within Ndongo itself,which was now governed indirectly by the Portuguese through a puppel ruler.Nzinga found an ally in the Netherlands,which seized Luanda for its own merchantile purposes in 1641.Their combined forces were insufficient to drive the Portuguese out of Angola,howeverand after Luanda was reclaimed by the Portuguese,Nzinga was again forced to retreat to Matamba.From this point on,Nzinga focused on developing Matamba as a trading power by capitalizing on its position as the gate way to the central African interior.By the time of her death in 1661,Matamba was a formidable commercial state that dealt with the portuguese colony on an equal footing.Nzinga,who reconverted to before her death at the age of eighty one {81},became a sensation in Europe following the 1769 publication of Jean Louis Castilhon's colorful biography Zingha,Reine d'Angola,in Paris.
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